progress, 92, 119 ; in pastoral literature, 83; as term of political abuse, 112 -17
	"Nostalgia and the American" (Dudden), II5
	Novak, Michael: on new class, 514 ; on Niebuhr, 376
	Nude Descending a Staircase (Duchamp), 338
	Oceana (Harrington), 233
	Ocean Hill-Brownsville: "community control," 403
	Odyssey (Homer), 287, 306
	Ogilvy, James: on consumption, 522
	Oklahoma! (Rodgers and Hammerstein), II4-15
	Old Hicks (Webber), 96
	Old Regime and the Revolution, The (Tocqueville), 511
	Omoo (Melville), 96
	Only Yesterday (Allen), 109
	open housing, 401 -3
	Opium of the Intellectuals, The (Aron), 511
	optimism, 39, 294, 373 ; distinguished from hope, 80 -81, 371, 391 -92, 530, 536 ; in Emerson, 245, 262 ; in Emerson and James, 282; see also progress
	Orage, A. R.: on wage labor, 321
	original sin, 247 -49, 260, 370, 373, 380 n., 389-90
	Origins of Totalitarianism (Arendt), 446 n.
	Orwell, George, 511 ; on emotional appeal of fascism, 79
	Oswald, Lee Harvey, 470 -74
	Our America (Frank), 351
	"Our Rich Little Poor State" (Fisher), 422
	Our Town (Wilder), 103 -5
	Owen, Robert, 185, 331

	Paine, Thomas, 177 -82, 190, 194, 195, 196, 197, 2I0; on commerce, 121, 178 ; compared with Cobbett, 181 -82; on cosmopolitanism, I22-23; on paper money, 179 ; on progress, I82, 190 ; on proprietorship, 179 -80; on representative government, 177
	Palladino, Pixie: on busing, 502
	Palmer, Bruce: on Populism, 543
	Palmer raids, 413
	Panichas, George: on crisis of modernity, 22
	Paradise Lost (Milton), 233 -34
	Paranoid Style in American Politics, The (Hofstadter), 116, 218
	Pareto, Vilfredo, 304
	Parker, Theodore, 272, 282, 442 n.; on Brownson, 185 n.; on civilizing influence of women, 62 ; on consumption, 61 -62; on "improvement," 60 -61
	Parkman, Francis, 94, 301
	Parks, Rosa, 405 n.
	Parsons, Talcott: on family patterns, 461 -62
	particularism, 216, 421 -24; Cox on, 384 -86; in Enlightenment, 121 -22, 124 -26; in Niebuhr, 373 -76
	Partisan Review (New York), 30, 115
	Pascal, Blaise, 253 n., 305, 311 n.
	Past and Present (Carlyle), 231, 242
	pastoralism, 83 -86, 87 -88; and American West, too; in Melville, 96 n.
	Pater, Waiter, 242
	Paterson Strike Pageant, 338
	Patten, Simon, 72, 301, 343 ; on the "art of wretchedness," 71 ; on consumption, 69-70
	Peabody, Francis Greenwood, 380, 385 n.
	Peace Corps, 507
	Péguy, Charles, 304
	Pelloutier, Fernand, 304
	Penty, A. J., 320
	People's (Populist) party, 66 -67, 218, 219, 223, 458
	permissiveness, 518, 523
	petty bourgeoisie, 17, 178, 184, 205, 208, 221, 225, 315, 330, 332, 394 -95, 460, 477, 486, 505, 525, 530 -31; liberal contempt of, 457 -58; see also lower middle class
	Phantom Public, The (Lippmann), 361, 364
	philanthropy, 249, 254 n., 297, 357 -58; Brownson on, 189 -94; see also cosmopolitanism, humanitarianism
	Philipps, Kevin: on tax revolt, 506
	Phillips, Ted, 499 n.
	Philosophy of Loyalty, The (Royce), 358
	phronesis: see practical reason
	Pines, Burton: on economic growth, 39
	Pitkin, Hanna: on Machiavelli, 49
	Plato, 245
	Plumb, J. H., 49 ; on idea of progress, 44
	pluralism: cultural, 355, 360
	Pluralistic Universe, A (James), 293
	Pocock, J. G. A., 15, 198 ; on bourgeois liberalism, 197 ; on early modern conception of history, 49 -50; on virtue, grace, and corruption, 51
	Podhoretz, Norman, 512
	Poe, Edgar Allan, 349
	Poirier, Richard: on Emerson, 549

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